What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?

The bottom layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum germinativum, also referred to as the basal layer. This layer is crucial for the overall health and renewal of the skin. It consists of a single row of columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing keratin. These cells undergo mitosis, continually dividing and pushing older cells upward through the layers of the epidermis.

As these cells move to the surface, they begin to flatten and undergo a process called keratinization, ultimately forming the outermost protective layer of the skin. The stratum germinativum plays a vital role not only in skin regeneration but also in housing melanocytes, which produce melanin that gives our skin its color and provides protection against UV radiation. The health and function of the stratum germinativum are essential for maintaining the integrity and appearance of the skin.